Loom lay and beam



Nov. 7, 1950 E. c. NICHOLS LOOM LAY AND BEAM 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed 001;. 24 1946 INVENTOR.

EDWARD GNICHOLS AGENT Nov. 7, 1950 E. c. NICHOLS 2,529,456

LOOM 'LAY AND BEAM Filed 001;. 24, 1946 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Nov. 7,- 1950 E. c. NICHOLS LOOM LAY AND BEAM 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 I. lllil Filed Oct. 24, 1946 IN V EN TOR.

AGENT Patented 'Nov. 7, 1950 LOQM LAY AND BEAM Edward C. Nichols, Hopedalc, Mass, assignor to Draper Corporation, Hopedale, Mass, a corporation of Maine Application October 24, 1946, Serial No.1705,321

Claims.

This invention pertains to weaving looms, and more particularly to a novel lay beam and lay beam blank for looms.

In conventional weaving looms there are provided between loomsides a plurality of lay-supporting members commonly in the form of lay swords upon which is supported and attached as by bolts a lay beam carrying at each end thereof at least one shuttle box and between which opposed shuttle boxes is a shuttle race mounted on the lay beam and across the length of which a shuttle is picked from one shuttle box to the opposite box during the course of weaving operations. Rearwardly of the shuttle race and extending lengthwise of the lay and mounted thereon is a reed through the dents of which are passed the several warp threads which are to be incorporated into woven fabric. The reed is secured to the lay beam by suitable means, as by being held in a groove therein by a hand rail extending betwce lay swords. beams of such conventional looms have heretofore been constructed of wood, and have been attached to the supporting members or swords by. resting upon an abutment formed on each sword and by being bolted to each sword as by a bolt extending transversely through the beam from the front to the rear thereof.

In using looms employing lay beams of the type mentioned it has been found that periodic tightening of the bolts securing the beam to the swords is necessary, due probably to a gradual compression of the wood in the region surrounding; the bolts. It is further found that this continued tightening of the bolts has a tendency to deform the lay beam and to thereby move the reed, and in some instances the shuttle race, out of alignment with the shuttle boxes. This deformation may be accentuated by natural. warping of the wood and is a source of much annoyance to the loom fixer as well as a source of lost loomtime in the weave shed.

Attempts have previously been made to overcome the above mentioned and other troubles incident to employment of wooden lay beams. For instance, longitudinally extending angle irons have been secured to the beam to maintain it in a straight condition and to alleviate compressive deformation of the wood, Also it has been proposed to construct the lay of an integrally cast metal structure. Both of these expedients resulted in excessively heavy lay structures which were not alone unduly expensive to construct or machine but also too heavy to allow of the rapid oscillation necessary in highspeed loom operation. It also has previously been proposed, to enable higher loom-speed to be attained, to mount the shuttle boxes on stationary supports separate from the lay and to cast the lay structure of a light metal, such as alumi- The num. However, it is found that casting and machining costs are excessive in that type of con struction. Also, rejects and breakage due to defects in the castings constituted another objection to the cast type of lay.

With the above mentioned and other objectionable features of prior art l-ay structures in view, it is an object of the invention to provide a metallic lay beam blank comprising a plurality of longitudinally extending portions of generally angular cross-section and a longitudi nally extending web portion integrally interconnecting the portions of angular cross-section.

It is another object of the invention to provide a unitary light metal lay beam comprising in tegrally formed portions providing a reed retaining groove, a weft-carrier raceway seat, and guide surfaces for weft-carrier propelling means.

It is also an object of the invention to provide an extruded lay beam blank of a light metal or of 'alight metallic alloy, and more especially a blank of such configuration as to require but few and inexpensive machining operations to result in a finished lay beam.

"A further object of the invention is to produce a relatively light-weight metallic lay beam of great stiffness and which is practically non-deformable by forces applied thereto in normal loom operation and is capable of withstanding without damage many repeated stressings by force appliedtheretoincident to a sudden loom stopping action known as bang-off.

Another object of the invention is to provide a lay beam which overcomes the above noted and other objections inherent in previously known lay beams and which may with equal efficacy be employed in a new loom or as a replacement in an old loom.

The above objects and others that will become evident hereinafter are attained by the invention, one preferred embodiment of which is here.- inaf'te'f described and is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, of which: 7

Fig. 1 is an isometric view of a portion of a loom'of otherwise conventional construction but embodying a lay and lay beam according tothe invention;

Fig. 2 is an isometric view of a finished lay beam according to the invention, disassociated from other loom parts, with sections removed for convenience of illustration;

Fig. 3 is an isometric view of a lay beam blank according to the invention, with a section removed;

Fig. 4 is an isometric view of a, portion of a lay according to the invention and showing a mode of attaching the lay beam to a laysword;

Fig. 5 is an orthographic view showing the front face of a finished lay beam adapted for a conventi onal bobbin-changing fly-shuttle loom, with a portion broken away;

Figs. 6, '7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 are sectional views taken along lines 6-6, '!-1, 8-8, 9-9, lBHl, ll-l I, and l2-l2, respectively, in Fig.

Fig. 13 is a sectional view illustrating a means and mode of supporting the reed and the weftcarrier race on the lay beam;

Fig. 14 is a sectional view of structure shown generally in Fig. 1 and illustrating how a lay end may be attachedto the end of the lay beam with provision for picker stick clearance;

Fig. 15 is a view illustrating the cut-away form of a lay beam providing for proper placement of an ejected-bobbin guide or chute;

Fig. 16 is a sectional view of a modified form of lay beam blank according to the invention; and

Fig. 17 is a sectional view of one portion of a lay beam formed from a blank of the type illustrated in Fig. 16.

In the description hereinafter to follow, and in the drawings, much that is conventional has been omitted for the sake of brevity and of clarity of illustration; there being shown in the drawings only so much of conventional structure as is necessary to a proper understanding of the invention.

In Fig. 1 there is shown in dotted outline portions of a conventional loom frame comprising a right hand loom side I, a left hand loomside 2 and a front girt 3. Suitably mounted for rocking motion in sleeve bearings mounted in holes formed in the espective loomsides is a rocker shaft 4 upon which are supported right hand lay sword 5 and left hand lay sword 5. Attached to the upper extremities of the lay swords and extending therebetween is a handrail I. The lay swords are connected by pitmen 55, 56, to suitable crank means 5'! whereby the lay-swords are rocked in unison about the rocker shaft 4, oscillating the handrail I and other structure to be hereinafter described in a back and forth movement in the loom.

Also supported on rocker shaft 4, at the extremities thereof, are conventional parallels 8 and 9 supporting a respective one of parallel shoes I2 and I3, to which are attached picker sticks I4 and i5, respectively. Each picker stick carries at its upper end a picker It in the ordinary manner to propel a weft-carrier such as a shuttle '25 in the space between the two pickers.

The structure thus far described is conventional in well known types of weaving looms and forms, per se, no part of the present invention.

Supported by and attached to the lay swords, 5, B as by means of bolts 30, 3| (Fig. 1) is one embodiment of a lay beam according to the invention. This lay beam, shown detached from other loom parts in Fig. 2, is formed by simple machining operations from a lay beam blank I i (Fig. 3).

The lay beam blank i l is composed of a single piece of material, preferably a light metallic material such as a light metal or an alloy of light metals. As examples of light metals, magnesium and aluminum may be cited. However, the blank may if desired be composed of a single piece of steel. As hereinafter employed in the claims the term light-metal is defined as meaning aluminum, or magnesium, or an alloy of either magnesium or of aluminum, one with the other and/or with small amounts of other materials. The blank is preferably formed by extrusion of the material through die means, in which case the material in a fluid or semi-fluid state is pressed through suitable die means wherein the material 2a latively each to the others that there are pro vided exterior surfaces forming a first or front 23 itericr surfaces.

4 is given a desired cross-sectional shape and becomes sufiiciently solid to be forced from the die means in more or less continuous bar form, after which a desired length is cut from the bar to constitute a blank. For the sake of economy and convenience in manufacture, the blank is made of uniform cross-sectional shape and dimensions throughout its length. One preferred cross-sectional form is that indicated in Figs. 3 and 12. Referring to those figures it will be seen that while the beam blank is composed of a single homogeneous piece of material, it is composed of a plurality of longitudinally extending portions 40, 4!, t2, and 43 of generally angular cross-section and a longitudinally extending transverse web portion 44 interconnecting the several portions of angular cross-section and formed integrally therewith. The several enumerated longitudinally extending portions are so arranged reface 58, a second or rear face 5|, a third or upper face 52 and a fourth or lower face 53, the latter two faces each comprising a plurality of said ex- Considered from another viewpoint, the cross-sectional form is such as to provide in the beam blank longitudinally extending portions of channel shape. By channel shape is meant cross-sectional shape or form having side walls and a bottom wall connecting the side 3.3; providing a second or rear face 51, and an integral web portion M interconnecting the two channel portions, the portions being so arranged as to provide a third or upper face '52 and a fourth or lower face 53. It will be observed that the enumerated portions provide, when considered as a unit, a plurality of longitudinally extending recesses or grooves 46, 51, extending downwardly from upper face 52 and a longitudinally extending recess 58 extending upwardly from lower face 53.

,These recesses, while obviously reducing the weight of the blank as compared with a solid blank of similar material and outside dimensions, have other functions as will more fully appear hereinafter.

The cross-sectional configuration of the beam blank H is such as to provide in the blank the required stiffness and resistance to twisting and permanent deformation, and is such that only a minimum amount of machining of the blank is necessary to form a completed lay beam for any of a wide variety of looms. Further, the previously mentioned longitudinally extending portions are such as to provide guiding and seating surfaces for other loom parts without further 10 machining, and to provide necessary transverse (as, for example, front to rear) resistance to crushing yor deformation occasioned by secure attachment of the beam to the lay swords. At the same time, the cross-sectional shape of the blank is such that only relatively inexpensive die means practicable form of beam is that illustrated in Fig. 2, which illustrates a finished lay beam suitable for employment in a conventional bobbinchanging loom of the type in which a plurality of picker means are employed to propel a weft carrier such as a shuttle across a weft-carrier race extending between two lay ends. It should be understood, however, that the laybeam blank is adapted for use as stock from which may be formed lay beams for other types of looms, as for example, looms employing needles or tubes for weft insertion.

In Fig. 1 there is fragmentarily illustrated a conventional loom of the type hereinabove mentioned, with the usual lay beam replaced by a beam according to the present invention. Therein, the lay beam [0 is secured to each of the lay swords, resting on a bracket or ledge 32 formed on a respective sword (as shown in more detail in Figs. 4 and 13) and held to the sword by one or more bolts, as 30 or 3|. An acceptable manner of securing the lay beam to the sword is more clearly illustrated in Fig. 4, considered in conjunction with Fig. 10. A bolt, as 39, is passed through a respective aperture 34 formed transversely through the beam and piercing the web portion 44, and through an aperture 33 formed in the lay sword; and a nut, as 35, is applied to the bolt, preferably with a spring washer, and tightened in conventional fashion. While one such bolt is sufficient for holding the lay beam to a lay sword, it is preferable to employ two bolts for each sword, each employed similarly to bolt 30. It will be noted that the aperture 34 (Fig. formed transversely from front to rear through the lay beam for reception of bolt 39, is drilled or otherwise formed to pass generally through the transverse web portion 44. The portions of the web remaining adjacent both sides of the aperture can thenabsorb the compressive forces exerted on the beam by secure tightening of bolt 30, without danger of the beam being transversely crushed or deformed. The same is true with respect to the other bolt or bolts used to secure the lay beam to the lay swords. It has been ascertained as a result of numerous tests of many hundreds of bang-off stops each, both with two loom frogs effecting stoppage and with but a single frog effecting stoppage, that the described fastening of the beam to the swords is not loosened during loom operation. The tests also indicate that after many hundreds of successive single-frog bang-off stoppages, n'o mis-' alignment of parts nor permanent deformation of the lay is to be discovered. When only a single one of the two frogs is effective in stopping'the lay, unusually severe stresses are set up in' the lay and in the lay beam in particular. With previous types of lay beams, breakage, permanent defor mation, or misalignment of parts .were the accepted result of this type of loom-stoppage. In the case of-the lay beam herein disclosed, under similar circumstances, only a slight temporary twisting of the lay is found to occur, followed by almost instant recovery.

While the beam has been shown as being secured to the swords by bolts, it is evident that equivalent means, such as clamping means, could equally well be employed.

The lay beam in is adapted to have any desired lay-end structure attached thereto, being provided with suitable faces therefor. For example a conventional shuttle box, including lay end 58 may be attached, as indicated in Fig. 4 at the right hand side of the loom. Vertical through bolts 39 may be employed for attaching the lay end to the beam, as illustrated more clearly in Figs. 4, 14, and 15, these bolts passing through vertical apertures 39a drilled or otherwise formed in the beam. See Figs. 7, 9, and 15.

It will be evident that other usual lay-carried structures may likewise be attached to beam I'll. As shown in Fig. 13 the usual dagger stop 3'land dagger stop strap 38 may be attached as by bolt 3| employed to secure the lay beam to the lay sword. Additionally a shuttle or weft carrier race 22 may readily be secured to the upper face of the beam as by self. tapping screws 23 engaging in holes 24 formed in the beam as by drilling. See Figs. 1, 2, and 13. If the lay beam is to be employed in a loom using picker sticks to propel the weft carrier, longitudinally extending picker stick slots may be formed at the ends of the beam by simply removing part of the transverse web 44 and the horizontal flange of portion 43 as indicated at 48' in Figs. 2 and 6, for the requisite distance. This removal may easily be effected by sawing or milling, it being noted that only a very small volume of material need be removed. It will be noted that the picker stick slot formed by removal of the portions mentioned is bounded by vertical picker stick guiding surfaces 49a, 49b, and 490, as more clearly shown in Fig. 6. If the beam is to be employed in a bobbinchanging loom employing a combined front picker stick guide and bobbin chute support, as indicated in Fig. 1, provision therefor is readily made by cutting on a section of the front portion of the proper end of the beam, as shown in Figs. 2, 9, and 15. This cut is preferably so made as to provide an inclined surface 54 adapted to receive and support the upper portion of chute l8. The out is preferably altered in character near the end of the beam, to provide at that end additional surface and material upon which to support and attach the outer extremity of the lay end. This surface is indicated at 28 (Figs. 2 and 11).

I Referring to Figs. 12 and 13 it will be seen that beam l0 provides a natural recess or channel 41 into which the lower reedrail strip 25 may be pressed to retain and support lower reed rail 27. No machining operations are necessary to fit channel 41 for use in receiving the mentioned reed parts. The lower reed rail is held down against the lower reed rail strip which is in turn pressed against web 44 at the bottom of, channel 4'! by virtue of the forces applied to the reed structure along its upper edge by the hand rail 1,

see Fig. 13. Longitudinally extending portion 43. forms an ffective reed abutment against which a reed may be secured, even if the opposite portion of the beam forming recess 4! is removed or not provided.

If filling fork means are employed in the loom to indicate filling exhaustion or breakage, a transverse slot must generally be provided in the upper face of the lay beam for passageof the tines of the fork. As illustrated at 19 (see Figs. 1, 2, and 5) :such a transverse slot may readily be formed in lay beam ID, as by milling or filing. From an examination of Fig. 8 it will be seen that the transverse stiffness of the beam is not appreciably affected by this operation.

In Fig. 16 there is illustrated the cross-sectional form of a modified form of lay beam according to the invention, indicated generally by numeral 60-, and in which a greater picker stick guiding surface area may readily be obtained if desired, and which has other desirable features evident from consideration of Figs. 16 and 17. As in the lay beam blank shown in full cross sectionin Fig. 12, the modified form of beam blank which is illustrated in Fig. 16 may be and preferably is formed of a light metal ormetallic' alloy by extrusion from fluid or semi-fluid metallic material,

and is preferably of uniform cross-section throughout its'len'gth. Also as in the previously described blank and beam, that illustrated in Fig; whats a cross sectional form providing four beam faces, viz: afront face 6!, a rear face 52, a top face 63, and a lower face 54. The beam'blank will likewise be seen to be composed of a plurality of portions of generally angular cross-sectional form extending throughout the length of the blank and interconnected by a transverse web portion likewise extending throughout the length of the blank; The portions of angular cross section are designated by numerals 65, 66, 61, 68, andv 69,

- and. the transversely extending web is designated by'numeral it]. It will be evident, further, that this modified form, of my invention provides a beamblank'of multi-ehannel form having, a plurality-of longitudinally extending grooves or recesses extending downwardly from the upper face and a plurality of longitudinally extending grooves or recesses extending upwardly from the lower face.- More specifically there are three separated grooves at each of the mentioned faces. That groove designated H is adapted without modification to serve as a seat for conventional lay-carried reed structure in a manner similar to that pointed out hereinabove with respect to recess 41. of beam blank H. The cross sectional configuration of beam blank 68 (Fig. 16) is such that cutting out portions indicated at 12 of desired length at each end of the beam blank willresult in the production of a picker stick slot as indicated at 13 in Fig. 17 which is bounded by relatively extensive surfaces which form excellent picker-stick guides:

'llhe modified form of beam blank shown in Fig. 16 may in other respects be formed into a finished lay beam by a few simple machining operations in a manner similar to that indicated hereinabove with respect to the blank and beam of Figs. 3 and 2, respectively.

- While the lay beam of finished form herein disclosed has, for illustrative purposes only been illustrated as being for and mounted in a conventional bobbin-changing fly-shuttle loom, it will be evident that lay beams for other types of looms may readily be formed by simple machining operations from the lay beam blank disclosed.

It will from the above be seen that the invention provides a lay beam blank of a form. which may be economically produced, which is exceptionally strong for its weight and has exceptional resistance to deformation, which requires but few and relatively simple machining operations to be performed thereon for the production of a finished lay beam for any of a variety of types of looms;' and that the invention provides a lay beam for looms which may with equal efiicacity be employed in new looms or as a replacement for a worn or deformed lay beam in a loom, and which greatly reduces or eliminates troubles incident to lay beam deformation or breakage in looms. It also is seen that the invention provides a relatively light-weight 100m lay of exceptional strength and stiffness which is capable of with standing the stresses incident to very high speed loom-operation.

Having fully disclosed a preferred embodiment of the invention it will be understood that changes and modifications within the scope of the invention will occur to those skilled in the art; and what I claim and wish to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. In a loom having a lay and lay swords; a light-metal lay beam and fastening devices attaching said bea nto said swords, said beam comprising a front portion of angular crosssection, a'rear portion of angular cross-section, and a web portion interconnecting said front and and rear portions, said fastening devices passing through openings formed substantially in the plane of said web, whereby tensile stresses in said fastening devices are directly opposed by compressive stresses in said web.

2. In a loom having a reed and a weft-carrier raceway, a weft-carrier support at each end of the raceway and means for propelling a weftcarrier within the space between said supports; a plural-grooved unitary light-metal lay beam supporting said reed in a longitudinally extending groove therein and said raceway on one face thereof, said beam supporting said weft-carrier supports at its ends, and means on said beam and formed integrally therewith providing guiding means for said weft-carrier propelling means.

3. In a loom having oscillatory lay swords and a reed extending generally between the lay swords, a unitary light-metal lay beam and means securing said beam to said swords, said beam comprising a first longitudinally extending portion of angular cross-section, a second longitudinally extending portion of angular cross-section,-and a longitudinally extending web portion interconnecting said first and second portions and lying principally in a plane generally transverse ofthe lay swords to stiffen the beam against deformation due to oscillation of said lay swords, said beam having a longitudinally extending groove therein seating said reed.

4. In a loom having a lay and lay swords; a unitary light-metal lay beam and means fasten ing said beam to said swords; said beam being of generally uniform cross-section and comprising a first longitudinallyextending portion of angular cross-section, a second longitudinally extending portion of angular cross-section, and

a longitudinally extending web portion interconnecting said first and second portions, said web' portion and said fastening means being so constructed and arranged that forces exerted by the fastening means on the lay beam are substantially directly opposed by stresses induced in said web portion.

5. In a loom, a plurality of plurality of shuttle boxes, a shuttle raceway extending between saidshuttle boxes, shuttle-- picking means at each of the shuttle boxes, a reedpositioned generally between the shuttle boxes at therear of the raceway, lay-beam securing means on each of said swords, and a plural-faced, plural-grooved, unitary, lightmetal lay beam secured to said swords by said securing means and supporting said reed in one groove thereof and said raceway on one face thereof and said shuttle boxes at the respective ends thereof, said beam comprising means formed integrally therewith providing guiding means supporting said shuttle boxes and said raceway lay swords, a

and forming picker stick guiding means at the ends thereof, said lay beam comprising a plurality of spaced longitudinally extending portions of angular cross-section and a longitudinally extending web portion integrally interconnecting said portions of angular cross-section, one of the grooves of said lay beam acting to lighten the beam and another of the grooves acting conjunctly with said hand rail to securely maintain said reed in position at the rear of the raceway, said web portion of said beam being so arranged relative to said lay beam securing means and said lay swords as to substantially directly absorb the forces exerted on said beam by said lay beam securing means.

7. For a loom of the type having oscillating lay swords and a reed, a unitary light-metal lay beam comprising a plurality of longitudinally extending portions of generally angular cross section, a longitudinally extending web portion integral with and interconnecting certain of said portions of generally angular cross section, and a longitudinally extending portion forming a reed abutment integral with said other portions.

8. In a loom lay structure, the combination of oscillatory lay swords; a lay beam mounted on said swords for oscillation therewith; and fastening means exerting a force transversely through said beam and securing the same to said swords; said lay beam comprising a plurality of integral longitudinally extending portions each of a relatively wide and thin cross-section, said portions being relatively arranged one to another in angular relationship to thereby resist stresses in diiferent directions transverse to the beam, said fastening means being so located and arranged as to exert its aforesaid force widthwise of and substantially in the plane of one of said portions.

9. For a loom of the type having oscillating lay swords and a reed, a unitary, light-metal lay beam adapted to be carried by said swords and to support said reed, comprising a plurality of channel sections formed from a generally horizontally disposed, common web and a plurality of generally vertically disposed members, two of said vertically disposed members and the web forming between them a groove in which said reed may be retained, and said vertically disposed members further having flanges parallel to the web for attachment of a shuttle race.

10. For a loom of the type having oscillating lay swords and a reed, a unitary, light-metal lay beam adapted to be carried by said swords and to support said reed, comprising a plurality of channel sections formed from a generally horizontally disposed, common web and a plurality of generally vertically disposed members some of which are flanged at the ends thereof spaced from the web, said web, members and flanges serving to impart to the beam a considerable resistance to bending about its vertical and horizontal axes, but permitting a relatively great amount of torsional flexure thereby to absorb stresses set up upon sudden stopping of the loom by application of a force at one end only of the beam.

11. For a loom of the type having oscillating lay swords and a reed, a unitary, light-metal lay beam adapted to be carried by said swords and to support said reed, comprising a plurality of upwardly directed channel sections and a plurality of downwardly directed chanposed web, said web being cut away lengthwise of the beam adjacent the ends thereof and between vertically disposed members for passage of a shuttle picking means.

12. For a loom of the type having oscillating lay swords and a reed, a unitary, light-metal lay beam adapted to be carried by said swords and to support said reed, comprising a plurality of channel sections formed from a plurality of generally vertically disposed members interconnected by a common, generally horizontally disposed web, said web being cut away lengthwise of the beam adjacent the ends thereof said out portion of the beam being confined between two intermediate vertical members so spaced as to serve as guiding surfaces between which a shuttle picking means may function.

13. For a loom of the type having oscillating lay swords, lay ends, a shuttle race and a reed, a unitary, light-metal lay beam adapted to be carried by said swords and to support said lay ends, shuttle race and reed, comprisin a plurality of channel sections formed from a plurality of generally vertically disposed members interconnected by a common, generally horizontally disposed web, and means to attach said beam to the lay swords including clamping bolts passing through the beam at the web portion thereof and other means to attach the lay ends and shuttle race which comprises bolt means passing through the beam adjacent the vertically disposed members.

14. A lay beam as defined in claim 13 in which the said vertically disposed members are flanged to provide surfaces against which the lay ends and shuttle race may bear and through which the attaching means therefor may be guided.

15. For a loom of the type having oscillating lay swords and a reed, a unitary, light-metal lay beam adapted to be carried by said swords and to support said reed, comprising a plurality of upwardly directed channel sections and at least one downwardly directed channel section formed from a plurality of generally vertically disposed members interconnected by a common, generally horizontally disposed web.

EDW'ARD C. NICHOLS.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 789,343 Wattle May 9, 1905 1,923,592 Schmidt Aug. 22, 1933 2,165,454 Cornell July 11, 1939 2,471,532 Menking May 31, 1949 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 242,301 Great Britain Oct. 29, 1925 398,190 Great Britain Sept. 7, 1933 OTHER REFERENCES Rayon Textile Monthly, Sept. 1939, pages 98- 99, Progress of Aluminum and Magnesium.

Machine Design, Dec. 1939, pages 34-36, Magnesium Alloys.

Technology of Magnesium and its Alloys, Beck, publ. by Hughes and 00., London, 1940, page 433.

Textile Manufacturer, Mar.

1945, pages 109" 11. Wart me pevelepm nia" 

